How does marlboro snus work

This entry was posted in Blog from Swedishproducts. Bookmark the permalink. Buka menu navigasi. Tutup saran Cari Cari. Pengaturan Pengguna. Lewati carousel. Karusel Sebelumnya. Karusel Berikutnya. Apa itu Scribd? Diunggah oleh Per Johansson. Informasi Dokumen klik untuk memperluas informasi dokumen Deskripsi: Snus, swedish snus, and the new innovation in the snus world, nicotine pouches. Can snus and nicotine pouches be an effective way harm-redcution tool to help people quit msoking?

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat? Apakah konten ini tidak pantas? Laporkan Dokumen Ini. Deskripsi: Snus, swedish snus, and the new innovation in the snus world, nicotine pouches.

Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas. Unduh sekarang. Judul terkait. Karusel Sebelumnya Karusel Berikutnya. Smoking Cessation Identifying Readiness to Quit.

Lompat ke Halaman. Cari di dalam dokumen. Hamza Khan. BK Ainsworth. Rama Zachy Zachy. Tabish Hyder. Long Beach Post. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research. To make snus, the tobacco leaves are first cut into small strips, air- and sun-dried, and then ground into a powder. The ground tobacco is then treated with heat for 24 to 36 hours, reaching temperatures of around degrees Fahrenheit degrees Celsius.

A "wet" snuff, snus tobacco contains 50 percent water and 30 percent tobacco. It's usually sold in tea bag-shaped portions that the user bundles under his or her upper lip. A heavy snus user may consume the product for 13 to 15 hours a day. With high levels of salt, moist oral snuff produces less saliva than dipping or chewing tobaccos like Skoal, Copenhagen or Red Man, and the saliva byproduct is meant to be swallowed.

The finished tobacco product is chilled below room temperature to keep its contents fresh. Expect to find American tobacconists installing refrigerators if they carry snus. The process of heating ground snus tobacco below the point of combustion is called pasteurization , and it's what distinguishes snus from other types of tobacco. In most forms of tobacco production, the leaves are left to air-dry in order to bring out their natural flavor. Air-drying tobacco leads to fermentation in which the plant's nitrogen microbes fuse with oxygen ions in the air.

Fermentation brings out naturally occurring ammonia in the tobacco, increasing its acidity and allowing the body to absorb nicotine more efficiently. Because it's pasteurized, snus tobacco has less ammonia. Snus users have to be more patient to get their nicotine fix. That's the trade-off for removing a cleaning product from your tobacco. One 2-gram portion of snus gives a boost in blood nicotine concentration of around 15 nanograms one-billionth of a gram per milliliter of tobacco within 30 minutes.

In contrast, a cigarette delivers about 23 nanograms per milliliter of nicotine in the first five minutes, but by 30 minutes the levels of nicotine in the body are comparable between the two products [source: Gartner et al. To substitute for the flavor that's lost in the pasteurization process, snus manufacturers add lots of salt and sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda.

Baking soda helps release nicotine whereas ammonia helps release nicotine in other tobacco products. This means that snus is just as addictive as cigarettes. But, as any heavy coffee drinker would argue, addictiveness alone doesn't necessarily make a product dangerous. Even opponents of snus admit that it releases "cleaner" nicotine than cigarettes. The pasteurization of snus tobacco kills off nitrites chemical compounds of one part nitrogen and two parts oxygen , especially tobacco-specific nitrosamines TSNAs.

TSNAs are one of the primary carcinogens found in tobacco, and have been correlated with cancers of the lungs, oral cavity, esophagus and liver from both cigarette and smokeless tobacco usage. When tobacco is fermented, higher quantities of TSNAs are present. By refrigerating the snus after production, snus tobacco resists fermentation that tobacco stored at room temperatures undergoes even after its been packaged.

Storing tobacco at room temperature for six months increases TSNA levels by 30 to percent, whereas in refrigerated snus tobacco there's no increase in TSNAs [source: Foulds et al. According to tobacco researchers, a snus user is 90 percent less likely to get cancer than a smoker [source: Levy et al. Because there's no combustion when someone consumes snus, carcinogenic chemicals that lead to lung cancer like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons the byproduct of combustion of the tar in cigarettes , aren't present.

In fact, researchers report that there's no statistical difference in lung cancer rates between snus users and those who never use tobacco in any form [source: Foulds et al. Unlike dip and chew, which contain higher levels of TSNAs resulting from the fermentation of the tobacco, snus doesn't present a risk of oral or other head cancers [source: Gartner et al. On the other hand, smoking doubles the risk of oral cancer and increases the risk of lung cancer tenfold [source: Gartner et al.

When it comes to tobacco and safety, there's always a catch. One study found that almost nine out of every , snus users develop pancreatic cancer, compared to 13 out of every , smokers and 3. Pancreatic cancer is one of the most intractable forms of cancer; the majority of cases are diagnosed at a late stage once the disease has spread to other parts of the body, as there are no universal screening methods for earlier detection.

Pregnant women using snus gave birth to babies weighing an average of 1. Snus also creates greater risk of oral lesions and tooth decay.

In spite of its risks, tobacco companies have been eager to point out that snus is safer than cigarettes. Keep reading to learn more about how snus has been marketed and regulated. If you've never heard of snus, you're not alone.

Both Altria and R. Reynolds have launched major national advertising campaigns to introduce the strange-sounding product to American markets.

Both companies are advertising in magazines and wherever cigarettes are sold. Altria and R. Reynolds sell their snus lines in pre-packaged bundles along with packs of Marlboro and Camel cigarettes. Congressional legislation that passed in June authorized the U. Until this legislation, tobacco marketing was restricted through a patchwork of judicial rulings. Tobacco companies can no longer use terms like "light" and "low tar" in their marketing materials, and will soon be required to add prominent warning labels such as "Smoking Kills" these will be more dramatic than the traditional Surgeon General's warning.

The bill didn't specify how smokeless products would be regulated, though it prohibits manufacturers from making claims that they are less harmful. With greater latitude to market smokeless products than cigarettes, tobacco companies have high hopes for snus. They have tried to make the claim that snus can help smokers quit. In a controversial letter to the FDA, Altria suggested that its smokeless products are designed to "complement proven prevention and cessation strategies, not to compete with them" [source: Wilson and Creswell ].

The companies have marketed the products as a way to get a nicotine fix when you can't smoke, like a nicotine gum. Tobacco control experts are saying not so fast. They warn that American snus products aren't actually snus.

The tobacco delivers far lower levels of nicotine than traditional Swedish snus. Philip Morris, the market-leader in United States cigarette sales, may have designed the product so that it does not satisfy nicotine cravings and fails to enable smokers to switch.

In this paper we compare and contrast Swedish snus and Marlboro snus, and speculate as to why Philip Morris may have intentionally designed a product that delivers very low levels of nicotine. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, few tobacco control advocates outside of Sweden had heard of "snus," the form of low-nitrosamine moist snuff tobacco that is very popular in that country [ 1 ]. As of , most of the major multinational tobacco companies have begun test-marketing their own brands of snus, using their leading cigarette brand names to market new snus products e.

While increasing scientific evidence indicates that Swedish snus is not harmless but is less harmful to health than cigarettes [ 2 - 6 ], the public health community has observed the launch of these new snus products outside of Sweden with increasing apprehension [ 7 - 9 ]. Concern spiked when PM announced it would call its new brand, Marlboro Snus.

It would seem unlikely that the company would place its leading brand name on a product that it did not expect to succeed. However, data recently released by PM raises questions about the company's intentions and about the appropriateness of applying the term "snus" to this product.

In this paper we compare and contrast Swedish snus with the new PM smokeless tobacco product called Marlboro Snus, and speculate as to why PM has intentionally designed and marketed a smokeless tobacco product that delivers relatively low levels of nicotine. Its rather high pH 7.

The relatively high nicotine delivery of Swedish snus is similar to a cigarette, and much higher than most existing nicotine replacement therapies including nicotine gum, lozenge, inhaler and nasal spray. Notably, Swedish snus is characterized by low concentrations of carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines TSNAs and other toxins relative to smokeless tobacco sold in the U.

It is believed that the relatively low levels of toxins found in Swedish snus are due to the selection of air-cured tobacco already low in toxins, and the use of a pasteurization process which kills the microbes that otherwise contribute to the formation of carcinogenic TSNAs [ 6 , 11 ].

Swedish snus is therefore a moist snuff product characterized by low TSNA concentration but high nicotine delivery. It is believed that the low toxin levels, combined with the avoidance of smoke inhalation, are responsible for Swedish snus being associated with substantially lower health consequences than cigarette smoking [ 2 - 6 ].

Levy et al. Over one quarter of male ex-smokers in Sweden reported they quit smoking by switching to snus [ 14 , 15 ]; it is possible that the relatively high nicotine delivery of Swedish snus makes the transition from cigarettes to snus more comfortable [ 14 , 16 - 20 ]. The LSRO claims to "help our clients digest and assimilate LSRO recently coordinated a series of meetings funded by PM and attended by representatives from various tobacco companies to discuss "Differentiating the Health Risks of Categories of Tobacco Products".

The agenda, presentations, and brief minutes of these meetings are available to the public via the LSRO website and shed some light on tobacco industry strategy on harm reduction. The presentation highlighted four main differences between PM's new snus products and other traditional moist oral smokeless tobacco sold in the U. PM snus a has a smaller portion size 0.

In addition, Fisher's presentation compared the chemical constituents and 26 characteristics of 13 leading brands of U. However, although PM snus contains a similar amount of nicotine per weight as Swedish snus, since its pH is below the bottom range for Swedish snus, the amount of "free" nicotine that can be absorbed from PM snus was well below the minimum of all the leading brands of U.

One slide in Fisher's presentation showed the blood nicotine levels found throughout the day in 26 subjects who either smoked normally or used PM snus. Fisher's data therefore reveal that PM snus, despite having low concentrations of toxins like Swedish snus, is different from its namesake in a number of important respects.

PM snus is dry rather than moist and, given its low pH, delivers substantially lower levels of nicotine. Other differences include the addition of a "flavor strip", much smaller portion size, and manufacture in the U.

These differences lead us to question, is PM Marlboro snus really snus at all? Of all the differences, the most important and puzzling difference is the very low nicotine delivery. Swedish snus has been perceived by some as having a public health benefit in Sweden and potentially in other countries by taking market share from cigarettes [ 6 , 14 , 23 ]. The high nicotine delivery of Swedish snus, which is similar to a cigarette, would appear to be critical to that effect.

PM claims that their product design was based on an assessment of consumer acceptability. But PM must be aware that a tobacco product delivering minimal amounts of nicotine is of little use to most smokers.

PM has previously tried to market an extremely low nicotine delivery cigarette Next that predictably failed in the marketplace less than 0. So why has PM chosen to test market two snus products, one which is available in four flavors, all with extremely low nicotine delivery?

One possibility is that these initial products are being tried in a few test markets simply to continue testing consumer taste preferences, and that eventually the product will evolve into a higher nicotine delivery product. Perhaps these new products are intentionally being designed as "graduation" products, from which starters will progress to higher nicotine delivery products.

Another more Machiavellian possibility is that PM is perfectly aware that smokers will not use a low nicotine smokeless product for long, just as auto manufacturers are aware that there isn't a large market for safer cars with a maximum speed of 30 miles per hour. In that case, we have to assume that the test-marketing of PM snus is intended to fail.

What motive might PM have for such a bizarre use of its most famous brand? PM has, by far, the largest share of the U. Furthermore, PM has a high profit margin from its cigarettes that snus is unlikely to replicate. Thus, even smokers who switch from a PM cigarette brand to a PM snus brand will result in a lower profit margin. It is therefore not in PM's financial interest for snus to become as successful in the U.

One way to avoid this is to market a product called snus without adequate delivery of the key ingredient, nicotine. Mass marketing of this product could potentially "vaccinate" U.

Uniquely, PM is giving away coupons for free Marlboro snus tins and is even attaching free Marlboro snus samples to Marlboro cigarette packs. Another motive may be perceived reduction of litigation risks.